پنجمين همايش سالانه معلمان زبان انگليسي استان كرمان در تربيت معلم شهيد رجايي كرمان برگزار شد . برنامه هاي اجرا شده در همايش :

  * خوشامد گويي توسط رييس انجمن علمي

 *  تلاوت آياتي از قرآن كريم توسط يك دانش آموز قاري قرآن (محمد قربي )

 * سرود جمهوري اسلامي

 * سخنراني آقاي شيخ بهايي معاون آموزش و نوآوري در مورد برنامه ريزي صحيح آموزش و پرورش و

    آسيب هاي نظام آموزشي

* سخنراني تخصصي به زبان انگليسي در مورد ايجاد انگيزه و مهارت خواندن مطالب انگليسي توسط آقاي فريدون مصطفوي از کهنوج

* تشكيل كميسيون هاي پنجگانه

1)     كميسيون اهداف و مديريت كلان در آموزش زبان  

2)     كميسيون روش تدريس و طرح درس در آموزش زبان

3)     كميسيون آموزش معلمان در آموزش زبان

4)     كميسيون مواد و محتواي آموزشي در آموزش زبان

5)     كميسيون سنجش و ارزشيابي در آموزش زبان

 * راي گيري جهت شوراي اجرايي انجمن

 * گزارش هاي كميسيون ها

 * جمع بندي همايش و نتايج راي گيري و اهدا جوايز به نفرات برگزيده كشوري مقاله نويسي و نفرات برگزيده استاني طرح درس و معلمین بازنشسته شهر کرمان

استفاده از کلمه ربط  and

 هر گاه بخواهيم دو يا چند عبارت را به هم وصل نماييم بين آنها كاما مي گذاريم و قبل از آخرين عبارت از كلمه and   استفاده  مي كنيم. مثلا :  

نان و پنير                 Bread and cheese   

                     I wrote the letters , Peter addressed them , George bought the stamps and Alice posted them

من نامه ها را نوشتم ، پيتر آدرسها را نوشت ، جورج تمبر ها را خريد و آليس آنها را پست كرد.

۲- هر گاه بخواهيم از عباراتي استفاده كنيم كه تنها از دو كلمه تشكيل شده اند بايد اول كلمه كوچكتر آورده شود مثل:

 Young and pretty             جوان و زيبا         

Cup and saucer          استكان و نعلبكي   

 بعضي از عبارات يك شكل نوشتاري مشخصي دارند كه نمي توان آن را عوض كرد مثلا:‌

(Hands and knees (Not knees and hands      دستها و زانوها           

Knife and fork      كارد و چنگال              

Bread and butter        نان و كره                 

Men , women and children        مردان و زنان و بچه ها

Fish and chips       ماهي و سيب زميني سرخ شده

 ۳- معمولا بين چند صفت كه قبل از يك اسم قرار گرفته باشند از كلمه and  استفاده نمي شود .

Thanks for your nice long letter

(Not …your nice and long letter)

به خاطر نامه بلند و خوبت متشكرم.

اما اگر چندين صفت مربوط به قسمتهاي متفاوت يك چيز باشند مي توان از كلمه and   بين صفات استفاده كرد. مثل:

 Red and yellow socks    جورابهاي زرد و قرمز       

A metal and glass table يك ميز فلزي و شيشه اي  

In some countries, Teachers’ Days are intended to be special days for the appreciation of teachers. Some of them are holidays while others are celebrated during working days.

 Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari (مرتضی مطهری; February 3, 1920 – May 1, 1979) was an Iranian scholar, cleric, University lecturer, and politician.

Motahhari also wrote several books on Islam, Iran, and historical topics. He did mostly work on giving lectures about Islam rather than writing books. However, after his death, some of his students worked on writing these lectures and manage them in order to publish them as books. As of mid-2008, the "Sadra Publishings] has published more than 60 books of Motahari and about 30 books written about Motahari or quoted from his speeches.  

On 2 May 1979 Motahhari was assassinated by gunshot by a member of the later group after leaving a late meeting at the house .

Teachers have an influencing role in the life of a student. They are like beacons of light guiding us in the formative years of our life. A teacher moulds us and in the process shapes our future. What we learn from our teachers remains with us throughout our life giving us direction. But very often, we fail to show our appreciation and gratitude for their devotion. Teachers do need encouragement and support from the community to feel that their efforts are being recognized. Towards this end only, Teacher's Day is celebrated throughout the world. By celebrating National Teacher's Day we thank our teachers for providing us their invaluable guidance.
 

  Break time  

A small ,very timid Russian entered a police station in Moscow and asked to be directed to the missing persons bureau

 Who is missing?” the clerk asked"

“ I’d like to report a missing parrot”

“ ? Parrot , eh? Tell me , this missing parrot talk”

Oh , yes, replied the man ,  but believe me , any political opinions he "expresses are strictly his own

A deaf man who visited a friend where a dog barked at him like mad. Being unable to hear anything , he said to his friend after they had exchanged greetings , " your dog didn't sleep well last night . He looked at me and kept yawning all the time

 1- صفات بيشتر اوقات قبل از اسم مي آيند و ترتيب قرار گرفتن آنها كمي پيچيده و گاهي اوقات گيج كننده اند . براي مثال : اول  اندازه آن شي بعد جديد يا قديمي بودن آن چيز و بعد شكل آن و بعد  صفت رنگ استفاده شود و بعد جايي كه آن چيز از آنجا مي آيد و سپس جنس آن چيز( يعني از چه چيزي ساخته شده است) و بعد هدف از ساخت آن چيز( يعني آن چيز به چه دردي مي خورد) و در آخر نام آن .مثل:  

.Big old red Spanish leather riding boots 

 2- صفات ديگر قبل ازاين صفات مي آيند ولي طرز قرار گرفتن آنها به قدري پيچيده است كه نمي توان قانون ثابتي براي نوشتن آنها ارائه كرد. براي مثال :

يك گربه سياه بزرگ            (A big black cat. ( Not  a black big cat        

 ميزشيشه اي گرد      (The round glass table . (Not the glass round table   

3- كلماتي مثل  first , last , next    معمولا قبل از اعداد به كار مي روند.

  سه روز اول       (The first three days ( Not  the three first days 

دو شغل آخر من      (My last two jobs ( Not  my two last jobs                    

  جاي قرار گرفتن صفات در جمله                                 

صفات در جمله مي توانند در دو مكان استفاده شوند . ۱- قبل از اسم

منشي جديد مرا دوست ندارد.       . The new secretary doesn't like me     

او با يك تاجر ثروتمندي ازدواج كرد.      . She married a rich businessman          

   2- بعد از افعال ربطي مثل :  Seem , look , appear , feel , …

آن لباس نو است نه؟‌          ؟That dress is new , isn't it

او ثروتمند به نظر مي رسد.      .He looks rich

   3- بعضي از صفات بعد از فعل مي آيند و نمي توان قبل از اسم از آنها استفاده كرد . مثل :

ill , well , afraid , alive , alone , asleep , …

 به جاي آنها ما مي توانيم از صفات زير قبل از اسم استفاده كنيم .

Sick , healthy , frightened , living , lone , sleeping , … 

او مريض به نظر ميرسد.        .(He looks ill. ( He is a sick man 

       .(Your mother is very well. ( She is a very healthy woman

حال مادر شما خيلي خوب است.(او زن سالمي است. )

 او خواب است .( كودك خواب اينجا است . )                     .(She is asleep . ( Here is a sleepy baby 

 4- وقتي كه صحبت از اندازه و اندازه گيري است صفت اندازه بعد از اسم واحد اندازه گيري مي آيد .

 ارتفاع دو متر               ( Two meters high. ( Not  high two meters        

سن ده سال   .Ten years old       

تفاوت بین  before  و in front of   

كلمه before   يك حرف اضافه است و براي زمان و مكان به كار برده ميشود در صورتيكه in front of   فقط براي مكان به كار ميرود.

.I must move my car before nine o'clock 

من بايد تا قبل از ساعت 9 ماشينم را جا به جا كنم.                             

 (.It's parked in front of the post office. (Not ….before the post office  

 آن (ماشينم) جلوي اداره پست پارك شده است.                              

براي چيزهايي كه در سمت ديگر جاده ، رودخانه ، اتاق و ...قرار دارند ، نميتوان از in front of   استفاده كرد. به جاي آن از كلمه facing  و يا opposite  استفاده ميشود.

(.There is a mosque opposite my house. (Not …in front of my house

 رو به روي خانه من يك مسجد است.                                            

(.We stood facing each other across the road. (Not …in front of each other

ما در جاده رو به روي هم ايستاديم.                                             

سال نو بر همگی مبارک. انشاالله در سایه الطاف حق سالم و تندرست و موفق باشید.

 ۱۳۸۷/۱۲/۱۳ ساعت ۳ بعد از ظهر در محل دبیرستان فاطمیه برگزار می گردد.

(Charles Dickens (part 3

Journalism and early novels

A young Charles Dickens

In 1834, Dickens became a political journalist, reporting on parliamentary debate and travelling across Britain by stagecoach to cover election campaigns for the Morning Chronicle. His journalism, in the form of sketches which appeared in periodicals from 1833, formed his first collection of pieces Sketches by Boz which were published in 1836 and led to the serialization of his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, in March 1836. He continued to contribute to and edit journals throughout much of his subsequent literary career. Dickens's keen perceptiveness, intimate knowledge and understanding of the people, and tale-spinning genius were quickly to gain him world renown and wealth.

On 2 April 1836, he married Catherine Thompson Hogarth (1816 – 1879), the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the Evening Chronicle. After a brief honeymoon in Chalk, Kent, they set up home in Bloomsbury, where they had ten children. Also in 1836, Dickens accepted the job of editor of Bentley's Miscellany, a position that he would hold until 1839, when he fell out with the owner. His success as a novelist continued, however, producing Oliver Twist (1837-39), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39), The Old Curiosity Shop and, finally, Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty as part of the Master Humphrey's Clock series (1840-41)—all published in monthly installments before being made into books. Dickens had a pet raven named Grip; it died in 1841 and Dickens had it stuffed (it is now at The Free Library of Philadelphia).

Dickens made two trips to North America.

In 1842, Dickens travelled with his wife to the United States and Canada, a journey which was successful in spite of his support for the abolition of slavery.

During this visit, Dickens spent time in New York City, where he gave lectures, raised support for copyright laws, and recorded many of his impressions of America. He toured the City for a month, and met such luminaries as Washington Irving and William Cullen Bryant. On 14 Feb 1842, a Boz Ball (named after his pseudonym) was held in his honor at the Park Theater, with 3,000 of New York’s elite present. Among the neighborhoods he visited were Five Points, Wall Street, The Bowery, and the prison known as The Tombs.

سی سال صلابت سهم صبری است که در طریق سلاله  رسول اکرم (ص) نموده ایم. دهه فجر بر همگان مبارک.

(Charles Dickens(part 2

The blacking-warehouse was the last house on the left-hand side of the way, at old Hungerford Stairs. It was a crazy, tumble-down old house, abutting of course on the river, and literally overrun with rats. Its wainscoted rooms, and its rotten floors and staircase, and the old gray rats swarming down in the cellars, and the sound of their squeaking and scuffling coming up the stairs at all times, and the dirt and decay of the place, rise up visibly before me, as if I were there again. The counting-house was on the first floor, looking over the coal-barges and the river. There was a recess in it, in which I was to sit and work. My work was to cover the pots of paste-blacking; first with a piece of oil-paper, and then with a piece of blue paper; to tie them round with a string; and then to clip the paper close and neat, all round, until it looked as smart as a pot of ointment from an apothecary's shop.

When a certain number of grosses of pots had attained this pitch of perfection, I was to paste on each a printed label, and then go on again with more pots. Two or three other boys were kept at similar duty down-stairs on similar wages. One of them came up, in a ragged apron and a paper cap, on the first Monday morning, to show me the trick of using the string and tying the knot. His name was Bob Fagin; and I took the liberty of using his name, long afterwards, in Oliver Twist

After only a few months in Marshalsea, John Dickens was informed of the death of his paternal grandmother, Elizabeth Dickens, who had left him, in her will, the sum of £450. On the expectation of this legacy, Dickens petitioned for, and was granted, release from prison. Under the Insolvent Debtors Act, Dickens arranged for payment of his creditors, and he and his family left Marshalsea for the home of Mrs. Roylance.

Although Dickens eventually attended the Wellington House Academy in North London, his mother did not immediately remove him from the boot-blacking factory. Resentment stemming from his situation and the conditions under which working-class people lived became major themes of his works, and it was this unhappy period in his youth to which he alluded in his favorite, and most autobiographical, novel, David Copperfield: "I had no advice, no counsel, no encouragement, no consolation, no assistance, no support, of any kind, from anyone, that I can call to mind, as I hope to go to heaven!"

In May 1827, Dickens began work, in the law office of Ellis and Blackmore, as a clerk. It was a junior position, but, as an articled clerk, Dickens would eventually qualify for admission to the Bar, and it was there that he gleaned his detailed knowledge of legal processes of the period. This education informed works such as Nicholas Nickleby, Dombey and Son, and especially Bleak House—whose vivid portrayal of the endless machinations, lethal maneuverings, and strangling bureaucracy of the legal system of mid-19th-century Britain did much to enlighten the general public, and was a vehicle for dissemination of Dickens's own views regarding, particularly, the injustice of chronic exploitation of the poor forced by circumstances to "go to Law."

At the age of seventeen, he became a court stenographer and, in 1830, met his first love, Maria Beadnell. It is believed that she was the model for the character Dora in David Copperfield. Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and effectively ended the relationship by sending her to school in Paris.

 امتحانهای ترم اول تمام شد و تقریبا همه دانش آموزان نمره های امتحانی خود را دریافت کردند. برای ترم دوم نمونه سوالی از درس چهارم زبان ۲ برایتان گذاشته ام. اگر میخواهید سوالات را ببینید روی ادامه مطلب کلیک کنید.

 این ضمایر شامل : ( myself , yourself , himself , herself , itself , ourselves  yourselves , themselves  )  میباشند . هنگامی که فاعل و مفعول در یک جمله یکسان باشند ، از این ضمایر استفاده میشود.

 (We got out of the river and dried ourselves. ( Not  …  dried us

ما از رودخانه بیرون آمدیم و خودمان را خشک کردیم.

.Why is she talking to herself 

 چرا او با خودش حرف میزند؟         

معمولا ضمایر انعکاسی با فعلهای wash  ( شستن ) ، dress ( لباس پوشیدن ) ، shave (اصلاح کردن ) به کار نمیروند.

 (Do you shave on Sunday? ( Not … Do you shave yourself on Sunday

آیا تو روز یکشنبه اصلاح کردی ؟ 

 بعد از حروف اضافه ای که بعد از بعضی از فعلها استفاده میشود اگر کاملا مشخص باشد که در مورد چه کسی داریم صحبت میکنیم ، به جای ضمیر انعکاسی از ضمایر شخصی استفاده میکنیم.

(She took her dog with her. ( Not  She took her dog with herself

او سگش را با خودش برد.

 اگر قبل از ضمیر انعکاسی ، از حرف اضافه ( by )  استفاده کنیم دو معنی پیدا میکند .

 *به معنی ( alone ) به تنهایی .

.I often like to spend time by myself

من اغلب دوست دارم وقتم را به تنهایی بگذرانم.    

*به معنی ( without help ) بدون کمک .

"?A: " Can I help you

".B: " No, thanks. I can do it by myself

A:" میتوانم کمکتان کنم؟ "

B:" نه ، متشکرم . من میتوانم بدون کمک آن را انجام دهم. "

(Charles Dickens (part 1

Charles Dickens was born on 7 February 1812, in Landport, Portsmouth, in Hampshire, the second of eight children to John Dickens (1786–1851), a clerk in the Navy Pay Office at Portsmouth, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Barrow, 1789–1863). When he was five, the family moved to Chatham, Kent. In 1822, when he was ten, the family relocated to 16 Bayham Street, Camden Town, in London.

Ordnance Terrace, Chatham - Dickens' home from 1817 to 1822

Although his early years seem to have been an idyllic time, he thought himself then as a "very small and not-over-particularly-taken-care-of boy".He spent time outdoors, but also read voraciously, with a particular fondness for the picaresque novels of Tobias Smollett and Henry Fielding. He talked, later in life, of his extremely poignant memories of childhood, and of his continuing photographic memory of the people and events that helped to bring his fiction to life. His family's early, moderate wealth provided the boy Dickens with some private education at William Giles's school, in Chatham

This time of prosperity came to an abrupt end, however, when his father, after having spent beyond his means in entertaining, and in retaining his social position, was imprisoned at Marshalsea debtors' prison. Shortly afterward, the rest of his family (except for Charles, who boarded nearby), realizing no other option, joined him in residence at Marshalsea

Just before his father's arrest, the 12-year-old Dickens had begun working ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse, on Hungerford Stairs, near the present Charing Cross railway station. He earned six shillings a week pasting labels on jars of thick shoe polish. This money paid for his lodgings at the house of family friend, Elizabeth Roylance, and helped support his family

Mrs. Roylance, Dickens later wrote, was "a reduced old lady, long known to our family," and whom he eventually immortalized, "with a few alterations and embellishments," as "Mrs. Pipchin," in Dombey & Son

 Later, lodgings were found for him in a "back-attic...at the house of an insolvent-court agent, who lived in Lant Street in the borough...[he] was a fat, good-natured, kind old gentleman...lame, [with] a quiet old wife; and he had a very innocent grown-up son, who was lame too"; these three were the inspiration for the Garland family in The Old Curiosity Shop

The mostly unregulated, strenuous—and often cruel—work conditions of the factory employees (especially children), made a deep impression on Dickens. His experiences served to influence later fiction and essays, and were the foundation of his interest in the reform of socioeconomic and labor conditions, the rigors of which he believed were unfairly   by the poor, in pre-.Industrial-Revolution England